MiniDuke MiniDuke

  • First known sample

    2008

  • Discovery

    2013

  • Number of targets

    100-1000

  • Current status

    Active

  • Type

    Backdoor

  • Targeted platforms

    Windows

  • TOP targeted countries

    Belgium , Hungary , Ireland , Portugal , Romania , The Czech Republic , Ukraine , United Arab Emirates

  • Connected attacks

    CosmicDuke , Sofacy , CozyDuke

  • The way of propagation

    Social engineering

  • Purpose/Functions

    Cyberespionage
  • Special features
    The malicious downloader is unique to each system and contains a customized backdoor written in Assembler.

  • Targets

    Academia/Research , Government entities , Military , Telecoms
  • Artefacts/Attribution
    Russian-speaking authors
  • Description

    An APT actor that uses a customized backdoor to carry out cyberespionage activities. The malware is spread using extremely effective social engineering attacks, which involve sending malicious PDF documents to their targets. They also make use of IE and Java vulnerabilities. There are 59 known victims across 23 countries.

    Additional information

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  1. Adding detection for known modules
  2. Collecting samples
  3. Reversing the samples
  4. Decrypting sophisticated encryption and compression schemes
  5. Understanding lateral movement
  6. Outlining multiple attack stages in the correct order
  7. Mapping C&C infrastructure
  8. Setting up sinkholes
  9. Analyzing collected traffic and communication protocols
  10. Crawling other hosts that understand the same protocol
  11. Taking down and acquiring images of C&C servers
  12. Identifying victims, sending out notifications to victims and global CERTs
  13. Applying forensic analysis and extracting logs, stolen files, other components
  14. Collecting and analyzing data from KSN, C&C servers, individual victims who are willing to work with us, sinkholes, crawlers, etc.
  15. Writing a comprehensive report
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